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| VOLUME ONE |
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| Editor's Introduction |
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| Questionnaires - An Overview |
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| PART ONE: ORIENTATION |
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| PART ONE: GENERAL |
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| Asking and Answering |
David Reisman and Mark Benney |
| Why Ask? |
Jerry R Hobbs and Jane J Robinson |
| What's in a Question? |
Jacob Shamir, Neta Ziskind and Shoshana Blum-Kulka |
| A Content Analysis of Survey Questions |
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| The Formulation of Questions |
Robert L Kahn and Charles F Cannell |
| Interviews versus Questionnaires |
Frank K Gibson and Brett W Hawkings |
| Comparisons of Interviews with Questionnaires for Measuring Mothers' Attitudes toward Sex and Aggression |
Robert R Sears |
| Effects of Questionnaire Design on the Quality of Survey Data |
Maria Elena Sanchez |
| Asking the Age Question |
Robert A Peterson |
| A Research Note |
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| Checks to Ensure that Questions Work as Intended |
William Foddy |
| SECTION TWO: OPEN AND CLOSED |
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| Who Left It Open? |
Stanley L Payne |
| A Description of the Free-Answer Question and its Demerits |
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| The Controversy Over Detailed Interviews |
Paul F Lazarsfeld |
| An Offer for Negotiation |
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| Strong Arguments and Weak Evidence |
Jean M Converse |
| The Open/Closed Questioning Controversy of the 1940s |
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| The Open and Closed Question |
Howard Schuman and Stanley Presser |
| Two Problems in the Use of the Open Question |
Albert A Campbell |
| Polling, Open Interviewing and the Problem of Interpretation |
Angus Campbell |
| SECTION THREE: OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES |
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| Attitudes versus Actions |
Richard T LaPiere |
| Problems in the Use of the Survey Questions to Measure Public Opinion |
Howard Schuman and Jacqueline Scott |
| The Meaning of Opinion |
David Riesman and Nathan Glazer |
| No Opinion, Don't Know and Maybe No Answer |
Leo Bogart |
| SECTION FOUR: MEASUREMENT |
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| The Measurement of Social Attitudes |
L L Thurstone |
| Vague Quantifiers |
Norman M Bradburn and Carrie Miles |
| Teaching Data Collection in Social Survey Research |
George W Brown |
| How Comparative Is Comparative Research? |
Roger Jowell |
| The In-Depth Testing of Survey Questions |
William Foddy |
| A Critical Appraisal of Methods |
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| Bringing Partiality to Light |
G[UM]un R Semin and Christianne J De Poot |
| Question Wording and Choice as Indicators Of Bias |
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| VOLUME TWO |
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| PART TWO: QUESTION CONSTRUCTION |
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| Experimental Evidence on Question Design |
Jean M Converse and Stanley Presser |
| The Quintamensional Plan of Question Design |
George Gallup |
| Experiments in the Wording of Questions |
Hadley Cantril and S S Wilks |
| Does the Question Form Influence Public Opinion Poll Results? |
Albert B Blankenship |
| Consumer and Opinion Research |
Sydney Roslow, Wallace H Wulfech and Philip G Corby |
| Experimental Studies on the Form of the Question |
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| How Interviewer Effects Operate Through Question Form |
Herbert Stember and Herbert Hyman |
| The Effect of Question Order on Responses |
Norman M Bradburn and William M Mason |
| Effects of Question Order on Survey Responses |
Sam G Mcfarland |
| Question Order and Fair Play |
Frederick O Lorenz, John Saltiel and Danny R Hoyt |
| Evidence of Even-Handedness in Rural Surveys |
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| It Was Party Identification All Along |
Anthony Heath and Roy Pierce |
| Question Order Effects on Reports of Party Identification in Britain |
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| Question-Order Effects on Presidential Popularity |
Lee Sigelman |
| Measuring Levels of Party Identification |
Ian McAllister and Martin P Wattenburg |
| Does Question Order Matter? |
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| Measuring the Third-Person Effect of News |
Vincent Price and David Tewksbury |
| The Impact of Question Order, Contrast and Knowledge |
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| Impact of Question Order on Third-Person Effect |
Michel Dupagne, Michael B Salwen and Bryant Paul |
| Question Order Effects on Subjective Measures of Quality of Life |
Fern K Willits and John Saltiel |
| Part-Whole Question Order Effects |
Fern K Willits and Bin Ke |
| Views of Rurality |
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| Question Wording and Reports of Survey Results |
Jon A Krosnick |
| The Case of Louis Harris and Associates and Aetna Life and Casualty |
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| Question Wording and Public Support for Contra Aid, 1983-1986 |
Brad Lockerbie and Stephen A Borrelli |
| Wanted |
Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann |
| Rules for Wording Structured Questionnaires |
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| Symbols in Survey Questions |
Joan Flynn Fee |
| Solving the Problems of Multiple Word Meanings |
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| The Measurement of a Middle Position in Attitude Surveys |
Stanley Presser and Howard Schuman |
| The Effects of Offering a Middle Response Option with Opinion Questions |
G Kalton, Julie Roberts and D Holt |
| Experiments with the Middle Response Alternative in Survey Questions |
George F Bishop |
| Asking Comparative Questions |
Michaela W[um]anke, Norbert Schwarz and Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann |
| The Impact of the Direction of Comparison |
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| The Acquiescence Quagmire |
Howard Schuman and Stanley Presser |
| Measuring Attitudes |
William Foddy |
| VOLUME THREE |
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| PART THREE: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES |
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| SECTION ONE: SENSITIVE QUESTIONS |
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| Asking the Embarrassing Question |
Allen H Barton |
| The Use of Leading Questions in Non-Schedule Interviews |
Stephen A Richardson |
| A Use for Leading Questions in Research Interviewing |
Barbara Snell Dohrenwend and Stephen A Richardson |
| How to Ask Questions about Drinking and Sex |
Ed Blair, Seymour Sudman, Norman M Bradburn and Carol Stocking |
| Response Effects in Measuring Consumer Behavior |
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| Reducing Refusal Rates in the Case of Threatening Questions |
Hans-J Hippler and Gabriele Hippler |
| The `Door-in-the-Face' Technique |
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| Question Threat and Response Bias |
Norman M Bradburn, Seymour Sudman, Ed Blair and Carol Stocking |
| A Classification of Biased Questions |
Eugene Litwak |
| Asking Sensitive Questions on Surveys |
Raymond M Lee |
| SECTION TWO: FICTITIOUS QUESTIONS |
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| May We Presume? |
Stanley L Payne |
| A Lecture on Taking Too Much for Granted |
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| Opinions on Fictitious Issues |
George F Bishop, Alfred J Tuchfarber and Robert W Oldendick |
| The Pressure to Answer Survey Questions |
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| SECTION THREE: VARIOUS DESIGN ISSUES |
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| Context Effects on Survey Responses to Questions about Abortion |
Howard Schuman, Stanley Presser and Jacob Ludwig |
| The Effect of Response Categories on Questionnaire Answers |
Todd H Rockwood, Roberta L Sangster and Don A Dillman |
| Context and Mode Effects |
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| Political Information Processing |
George F Bishop, Robert W Oldendick and Alfred J Tuchfaber |
| Question Order and Context Effects |
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| Equivalence of Questionnaire Items with Varying Response Formats |
David A Frisbie and Dale C Brandenburg |
| Effects of Filter Questions in Public Opinion Surveys |
George F Bishop, Robert W Oldendick and Alfred J Tuchfaber |
| The Yes-No Question Answering System and Statement Verification |
M Michael Akiyama, William F Brewer and Edward J Shoben |
| Effects of Presenting One Versus Two Sides of an Issue in Survey Questions |
George F Bishop, Robert W Oldendick and Alfred J Tuchfaber |
| An Application of Rasch Analysis to Questionnaire Design |
Elizabeth A Martin, Pamela C Campanelli and Robert E Fay |
| Using Vignettes to Study the Meaning of `Work' in the Current Population Survey |
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| Testimony Validity as a Function of Question Form, Atmosphere and Item Difficulty |
Kent H Marquis, Jean Marshall and Stuart Oskamp |
| Attitudes and Non-Attitudes |
Philip E Converse |
| Continuation of a Dialogue |
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| PART FOUR: VALIDITY |
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| Fixed-Choice Questionnaires |
Aaron V Cicourel |
| Learning How To Ask |
Charles L Briggs |
| Native Metacommunicative Competence and the Incompetence of Fieldworkers |
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| Validity of Responses to Survey Questions |
Hugh J Parry and Helen M Crossley |
| Has Racism Declined in America? It Depends on Who Is Asking and What Is Asked |
John B McConahay, Betty B Hardee and Valerie Batts |
| The Random Probe |
Howard Schuman |
| A Technique for Evaluating the Validity of Closed Questions |
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| VOLUME FOUR |
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| PART ONE: SURVEYS IN THE WORLD |
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| Data Construction |
Nicholas Bateson |
| Basic Concepts |
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| SECTION ONE: MEMORY AND RECALL |
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| The Limitations of Human Memory |
Alan Baddeley |
| Implications for the Design of Retrospective Surveys |
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| Retrospective Data in Survey Research |
Peter Meneer |
| The Retrospective Question |
Raymond Fink |
| Leading Questions and the Eye Witness Report |
Elizabeth F Loftus |
| Since the Eruption of Mount St Helens, Has Anyone Beaten You Up? Improving the Accuracy of Retrospective Reports with Landmark Events |
Elizabeth F Loftus and Wesley Marburger |
| My Memory |
William A Wagenaar |
| A Study of Autobiographical Memory Over Six Years |
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| SECTION TWO: STRIVING TO IMPROVE QUESTIONS AND QUESTIONNAIRES |
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| Predicting Test-Retest Reliability From Behavior Coding |
Jennifer Hess, Eleanor Singer and John Bushery |
| Latent Class Analysis of Survey Questions That Include Don't Know Responses |
Lawrence F Feick |
| Monitoring Maternity Services by Postal Questionnaire |
Claudia J Martin |
| Congruity Between Mothers' Reports and their Obstetric Records |
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| New Quantitative Techniques for Pretesting Survey Questions |
Charles Cannell, Floyd J Fowler, Graham Kalton, Lois Oksenberg and Katherine Bischoping |
| Pretesting in Questionnaire Design |
Nina Reynolds, Adamantios Diamantopoulos and Bodo Schlegelmilch |
| A Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Further Research |
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| An Empirical Evaluation of In-Depth Probes Used To Pretest Survey Questions |
William Foddy |
| Improving Coding Reliability for Open-Ended Questions |
Andrew C Montgomery and Kathleen S Crittenden |
| SECTION THREE: GRAPPLING WITH QUESTION DESIGN IN THE REAL WORLD |
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| Diagnostics for Redesigning Survey Questionnaires |
Elizabeth Martin and Anne E Polivka |
| Measuring Work in the Current Population Survey |
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| Measurement in Subjective Health Assessment |
Crispin Jenkinson, Martin Bardsley and Kate Lawrence |
| Themes and Prospects |
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| Analysing Drug Abuse with British Crime Survey Data |
Ziggy MacDonald and Stephen Pudney |
| Modelling and Questionnaire Design Issues |
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| SECTION FOUR: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN A CHANGING WORLD |
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| Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing in Survey Research |
Jean Martin and Tony Manners |
| Technological Innovations in Data Collection |
Edith de Leeuw and William Nicholls II |
| Acceptance, Data Quality and Costs |
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| Web Survey Design and Administration |
Mick P Couper, Michael W Traugott and Mark J Lamias |
| Navigating the Rapids of Change |
Don A Dillman |
| Some Observations on Survey Methodology in the Early Twenty First Century |
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